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What is a generator synchronization panel?

Generator synchronization can be defined as the process of configuring multiple generators to produce the same frequency, voltage, phase angle, and three-phase arrangement.

This process is used to connect multiple generators together in parallel, whether in isolated networks or within unified networks. This ensures that the generators produce the same electrical current, preventing power outages or equipment damage.

For a generator to be considered part of the total capacity required to supply the loads, certain conditions must be met for parallel connection.

What is the importance of generator synchronization?

Ensuring business continuity: You may face a need to complete a large amount of work, or a generator may malfunction and require maintenance. In such cases, generator synchronization is of great benefit.

Ensuring Reliability: Operating several small generators is better than running a single large generator, as it ensures business continuity in the event of a generator failure. If there is a single large generator failure, your work may not be able to continue.

Meeting Variable Load Requirements: Obviously, electrical load requirements are not constant, nor are business requirements. If you are seeking the best efficiency from generators, the solution lies in synchronizing them.

What are the conditions required for connecting generators in parallel?

Voltage balance from generators. Generator voltage is affected by several factors, including rotor rotation speed, stator winding number, and magnetic field strength. Rotor speed must be constant to maintain a constant frequency, and the winding number is determined based on the basic design of the generator. To adjust the generator voltage under different load conditions, the magnetic field current is controlled via an actuator (AVR) and an exciter to maintain a constant output voltage.

Voltage frequency balance of generators. The frequency value depends on the number of poles (p) and the rotor speed (n) according to the equation: Frequency = (Number of poles × Speed) ÷ 120. Since the number of poles is fixed according to the basic design, the frequency is controlled by controlling the generator's rotation speed using a governor, which adjusts the amount of fuel burned to achieve the desired frequency.

Phase sequence matching. This means connecting the phases in the correct order. If one generator is connected in reverse with the other, synchronization will not be achieved due to the difference in voltage between the two of the three phases.

Phase shift matching. It is necessary to ensure that the phase shift angles are balanced between each of the three phases of all generators connected in parallel. The shift angle refers to the separation between phase A of one generator and phase A of the other generator connected to it on the same busbar. There are several types of synchronizing boards used to control generator operation. They are as follows:

Types of Generator Synchronizing Panels

Manual Synchronizing Panel

Manual intervention is required to direct the operation of the generator and synchronize it with the main electrical network. The synchronization parameters are manually set and implemented by the operator.

Automatic Synchronizing Panel

Automatically direct the generator to the main electrical network for synchronization. It includes electronic functions and automatic optimizers to control the synchronization process.

Multi Generator Synchronization Panel

Multiple generators work together synchronously to generate more electrical power. This panel includes a control unit for each generator and a master control unit to coordinate between the generators.

Island Synchronization Panel

Used to operate an independent system (island) independent of the main electrical grid. This panel controls the direction and synchronization of

generators used in an isolated system.